Current market value for your car at the time the damage happened may also be a factor. This reflects the highest possible value of your collision insurance the most youd gain if your car was totaled, considering the cost of coverage. Smaller down payment on a new car. The more the bike is worth, the more you can lose if something happens. How Much Do Car Insurance Rates Go Up After An Accident? Take the amount above and subtract the cost of your collision insurance for the duration of the policy, usually six months. Collision coverage is designed to protect vehicles from damage caused by a collision. So how do we make money? Collision coverage is a type of car insurance. To figure out whether its worth what youre paying for it, start with the value of your car and your deductible. How To Find The Cheapest Travel Insurance. Depending on the company, you might not be able to buy collision insurance without comprehensive coverage, or vice versa. For example, lets say youve been in an at-fault accident or in a collision with an uninsured or underinsured driver and the damage to your car is $2,000. What Is Covered By Collision and Comprehensive Auto Insurance? A little prep goes a long way. Explore our data-based deep dives to understand the latest trends on and off the road. No matter your years of experience and caution, you cannot control other drivers and may not be able to cover the expenses out of pocket. Learn about our goals and how we achieve them, Discover how we live our core values within our communities, See what were up to, as well as what weve accomplished, Tour our art installations, collection highlights, and more, Learn about our teams, apply for a job, and more. When your loan amount is more than your vehicle is worth, gap insurance coverage pays the difference. Once your car is paid off make sure you drop your loan or lease payoff coverage. What Is the Difference Between Comprehensive and Collision Coverage? If your deductible is $500, youll have to pay the $500 and the insurance company will pay the remaining $1,500. With broad collision, who was at fault only determines whether you pay a deductible. The coverage only pays out up to the current market value of your car, minus your collision deductible. Related: The tricky business of determining fault after a car accident. Descriptions of all coverages and other features are necessarily brief; in order to fully understand the coverages and other features of a specific insurance policy, we encourage you to read the applicable policy and/or speak to an insurance representative. Collision coverage What it is: With a gap insurance policy, the last $3,000 will be covered so you no longer owe money on your car loan. Lisa Green leads the life insurance team and oversees insurance-focused data journalism at NerdWallet. When you buy your insurance policy, you select your deductible. Collision insurance is a type of car insurance coverage that pays to repair or replace your car if you're involved in an accident, regardless of who was at fault. Report a new claim or view the status of an existing claim, Continue as a guest to l from financial loss in the event of an accident or theft. Calculate how much you can afford. Deductible amounts can range from $100 to $1,000 or higher, with $500 being a fairly common choice. If you can come up with this much out of pocket, you could cut the coverage, knowing youd have to pay for your own cars damage after a crash. It covers a number of scenarios, but it doesnt cover everything. Insurance benefits of installing a dashcam. Buying gap insurance through your auto insurer can be a smarter option. What it covers: Comprehensive coverage pays for the damages to your car resulting from acts of nature (such as hail, wind and floods), fire, theft, vandalism, falling February 28, 2023. In all these cases, collision coverage has your back. Accident claims have a statute of limitations, meaning there's a deadline to file your claim if you want to receive a payout. If your vehicle is totaled, collision insurance will pay the actual cash value of your vehicle, minus your deductible. Thats more than 14,000 car crashes per day. All this to say, car accidents are pretty common. Insurance Information Institute. American REIA - Auto Insurance - What Is Collision Coverage? Auto liability insurance is mandatory in every state except New Hampshire and Virginia, which dont require auto insurance. At The Tennessean, she was part of a 2011 Pulitzer Prize finalist team for coverage of devastating floods in Middle Tennessee. Check your current policy to find out if you have gap insurance. This is the most you could get from a collision claim. A licensed representative will answer any questions you have. Accessed Apr 29, 2022.View all sources. Get Auto Quotes As Low As $63/month, Compare Rates For Free, and Pay Less For Car Insurance. Collision and comprehensive insurance, combined with liability insurance, is typically referred to as full coverage insurance. Thats because some states have comparative negligence laws for car accidents, which assigns a certain percentage of fault to each driver. Situations where motorcycle collision coverage can help include: Collision only covers damage from a collision, and it only protects your motorcycle. Get easy explanations for all your questions. Slamming into or even just lightly scraping a guard rail, stop sign, mailbox, or building would all count. So you might decide to take the risk of canceling it now and saving on premiums. Are you sure you want to rest your choices? Find answers to your insurance questions, insights into current trends, and tools for navigating life in our resource center. If, like most people, you buy your car and take out a loan financing it through a bank the bank will require you to take out a full coverage policy, which includes collision coverage. Collision and comprehensive insurance are often sold together, but they both cover car repair and replacement for different types of problems. Longer financing term. Its typically an optional coverage, meaning you will have to pay extra to add collision insurance to your auto insurance policy. We do not offer financial advice, advisory or brokerage services, nor do we recommend or advise individuals or to buy or sell particular stocks or securities. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information (CA Residents Only). Negative, youre paying more for collision insurance than its worth. A little prep goes a long way. Gap insurance isn't required by any insurer or state, but some leasing companies may require you to purchase it. It can happen that both parties involved insist they were not at fault. Collisions with an object, like a streetlight, a tree, or a fence, Bills for medical treatment (yours, passengers, other drivers). Comprehensive and collision coverage pays for different types of repairs to your vehicle. in Creative Writing from the University of California Riverside, Palm Desert. Once you owe less than what the car is worth, you can drop the insurance. WebCollision coverage assures that you and your vehicle will be covered under an insurance policy if you get into an at-fault accident. Many types of collisions, damages, and incidents are not included. It can even cover Coverages and other features vary between insurers, vary by state, and are not available in all states. You can choose your deductible amount, which typically ranges from $500 to $1,500. Whether an accident or other loss is covered is subject to the terms and conditions of the actual insurance policy or policies involved in the claim. Is motorcycle collision coverage worth it? Another way to reduce your collision deductible burden after an accident is by adding disappearing deductibles (which go by several monikers) to your policy. You might be using an unsupported or outdated browser. Catch what's new from Progressive online, on TV, and on the road. If your vehicle is declared a total loss or it's stolen and not recovered, gap coverage works this way. Performance information may have changed since the time of publication. This type of coverage is typically optional if you own your car outright, but if you lease or finance your car, your lender will likely require it. Next, its time to look at how much your collision insurance costs. Insurance carrier website ranking by Keynova Group Q4 2022 Online Insurance Scorecard. Co. All Rights Reserved. Collision insurance claims are subject to a deductible, which you must pay out of pocket before your policy kicks in to cover the rest. Find your cars value, Next, its time to look at how much your collision insurance costs. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. Accessed Sept. 1, 2021. Still have questions? On a Lemonade Car policy you can choose your deductible, between $250 and $2,000. Read our, What to Expect If Your Car Can Be Repaired, What to Expect If Your Car Is a Total Loss. Is it a repair or total loss? Does Collision Insurance Cover Medical Bills? Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information (CA Residents Only), Hitting an object (fire hydrant, road sign, tree, etc. Collision insurance is not required by law, but it may be necessary for a leased car or a car on loan. If you took out a loan in order to buy your car, your lender may demand that you purchase collision coverage so their asset is covered should something happen to damage it. Read our editorial standards for Answers content. This information may be different than what you see when you visit a financial institution, service provider or specific products site. Most lenders require collision coverage as part of the terms of your lease or loan if you're leasing the bike or if you are still making payments on a loan, youll want to check your financing agreement or speak with the lender to find out if you're required to carry collision. Gap insurance applies any time your vehicle is stolen or totaled in an accident. In this case, youll pay $500 out of pocket, and your insurance will cover the rest. All Rights Reserved. Without gap insurance, you'd only receive $20,000 (minus your deductible). But even if you are not required to buy collision insurance, its worth considering. Find your cars value. It is generally not required. Some car owners drop collision insurance when their vehicle hits a certain age or mileage marker. Pre-qualified offers are not binding. If My Car Breaks Down, Will Insurance Cover a Rental? When you file a qualifying claim, your comprehensive or collision coverage will pay the actual cash value (ACV) of your vehicle, minus your deductible. Collision insurance helps pay for damage to your vehicle that results from an accident with another vehicle or object while your car is in motion hence the term collision. Besides being legally required, car insurance is vital to keep you protected from the financial burden of bad things that can happen in, around, and to your car. While we regularly review previously published content to ensure it is accurate and up-to-date, there may be instances in which legal conditions or policy details have changed since publication. Total loss of vehicle. Collision insurance is coverage that helps pay to repair or replace your own car if its damaged in an accident with another vehicle or object. And if you want car insurance coverage to replace or repair your car after a car accident, youre going to need collision insurance. For example, if you have a $500 deductible and your car repair bills after a car accident are $3,000, you will get an insurance check for $2,500 ($3,000 $500 = $2,500). Collision insurance is designed to protect you from yourself, essentially. Full auto coverage insurance includes liability, comprehensive, and collision insurance. Collision coverage insures against the cost to repair or replace your car when it strikes a vehicle or object. If your car is totaled, collision insurance pays for the value of your car at the time it is destroyed, minus your deductible. Collision insurance pays for necessary repairs or even vehicle replacement when you collide with another car or a stationary object like a fence or wall. This information is not an insurance policy, does not refer to any specific insurance policy, and does not modify any provisions, limitations, or exclusions expressly stated in any insurance policy. Gap insurance is an optional auto insurance coverage that applies if your car is stolen or deemed a total loss. before the crash and send you a payment for that amount. Your financial situation is unique and the products and services we review may not be right for your circumstances. Whether or not motorcycle collision coverage is a good investment depends on your tolerance for risk and your ability to pay for repairs (or a new motorcycle) out of pocket. Please note: Lemonade articles and other editorial content are meant for educational purposes only, and should not be relied upon instead of professional legal, insurance or financial advice. l from financial loss in the event of an accident or theft. Car insurance deductibles only cover damage to your car and not Collision coverage is technically an optional coverage, but drivers who are leasing or financing their car may be required by their lender to add it to their policy. What Is Third-Party Auto Insurance on Your Auto Policy? Collision coverage is a type of car insurance. Other types of car insurance cover other aspects of losses from an accident. It also means you may pay a higher premium. What are the different types of car titles? Get covered without breaking the bank with Lemonade. Whats my car worth? If the claim is approved, you'll receive a payout from the insurance company to repair the damage to your motorcycle. Funny enough, it matters whether you hit the tree or the tree hit you. Comprehensive insurance is usually sold with collision insurance and typically required if you have a car loan or lease. If you get into an accident and your car is totaled or not drivable, your bank may end up on the hook for the loan. But with gap insurance you'd receive the extra five thousand needed to pay off your loan. With gap insurance: $25,000 *minus deductible. As a former claims handler and fraud investigator, hes seen a lot, and enjoys helping others navigate the complexities and opaqueness of insurance. It may also include medical expenses and liability coverage. Please note: The above is meant as general information to help you understand the different aspects of insurance. Because cars depreciate every year, an older car generally requires less collision coverage and costs less to insure than a newer model year. Collision coverage reimburses any damage to the car due to an accident or collision. If the vehicle was destroyed by the impact, your insurer would subtract $1,000 from your cars estimated value before the crash and send you a payment for that amount. That can run into the thousands of dollars, and may require you to fully replace your car. Car Insurance Quotes: How to Shop and Compare Online, Average Cost of Car Insurance for March 2023, The Best High-Risk Auto Insurance Companies, Liability Car Insurance: What It Covers and How Much You Need, Get more smart money moves straight to your inbox. Still have questions? Even if you decide collision insurance is worth it for now, revisit the math as your car ages and any time you get. That's different from liability Loan/lease payoff coverage will typically only cover up to 25% of the cars actual cash value, depending on your contract. Large and positive, keeping collision insurance makes sense. The goal of collision insurance is to provide you with the money needed to restore your vehicle to its pre-accident condition. Significant difference between value and amount owed. For the purpose of filing a claim, your car insurance policy must define a "collision" very clearly. Unlike liability If the car accident is the other drivers fault, you can make a claim against their liability insurance. She is based in Nashville. Advertisement Insuranceopedia Explains Collision Coverage This is also required when leasing a car, as well in the case of new financed purchases, and used financed purchases. It Some insurers and policies write a check for the expected cost of repairs, while others reimburse you for the repairs once you have made them. Besides, car leasers may require full coverage to cover the vehicle until its fully paid. Your liability insurance will cover the damage you cause to the other vehicle, but not to yours. Reducing or waiving your collision deductible, The average annual cost of collision coverage in the U.S. was about $381 in 2019, the latest year for which data is available, according to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Contact us for answers. Another driver hitting your car, if they dont have any or enough insurance to cover damage costs, and you dont have, How collision insurance works when the other driver is at fault, If youre in a crash and another driver is entirely at fault, that drivers. Related: Solving totaled car insurance problems. And then there are the unreported accidents, like your minor fender benders in grocery store parking lots and drivers who accidentally back into a pole. Additionally, if theres no way you could come up with the amount from step one in an emergency, keeping collision insurance makes sense. Collision coverage is usually packaged with comprehensive insurance, which pays for auto theft and damage from hail, floods, fire and other problems. Likewise, you can constantly adjust the package to fit your needs. Auto liability insurance is mandatory in every state except New Hampshire and Virginia, which dont require auto insurance. The coverage would pay a large sum if your car were totaled, and much more than youve paid for the coverage itself. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. WebCollision coverage is first party coverage that protects your vehicle, and possibly any other vehicle you may be driving. Your gap coverage may then pay the difference between your vehicle's ACV and the outstanding balance of your loan or lease. You'll pay the first $300, and the insurance company will cover the rest. He covers various insurance topics across verticals, adopting to every local law. Accessed Sept. 1, 2021. American REIA 2022, All rights reserved. GAP insurance protects you if you owe more on your vehicle than the amount your insurance will pay out if your car is a total loss. If your deductible is $500, youll have to pay the $500 and the insurance company will pay the remaining $1,500. Collision coverage is designed to protect vehicles from damage caused by a collision. Also, when purchasing a new car, some dealerships may automatically add gap insurance to your loan; however, you can decline this coverage. You can drop it if the collision deductible combined with the total cost of the coverage is higher than the current market value of your car. Minimum coverage auto insurance refers to buying only the auto coverage required by the state. If the at-fault driver did not select collision coverage, they will have to pay for their own repairs for their vehicle. No matter what state you live in, if you are at fault in a crash (meaning you are the driver who caused it), you must have collision coverage selected on your car insurance policy to be paid for either repair of damage to your vehicle or the full cash value of your car in case of a total loss. Collision insurance pays for vehicle damage from most types of crashes but may not be worthwhile for older cars. References to average or typical premiums, amounts of losses, deductibles, costs of coverages/repair, etc., are illustrative and may not apply to your situation. It may also pay if another driver hits your car and If you made a smaller down payment on a new car or if you have a longer financing term. Progressive offers loan or lease payoff coverage which is like gap insurance. Lacie is a NerdWallet authority on insurance products and loves data, analytics and solving SEO mysteries. Collision coverage also generally doesn't cover motorcycles used for commercial purposes (such as delivery riders) or competitive events like races. BOSTON (AP) A JetBlue pilot had to take evasive action while landing at Bostons Logan International Airport when another aircraft crossed an intersecting runway, the Federal Aviation Administration said. However, the reimbursement does not extend to damage caused by theft, vandalism, or other reasons. Collision insurance covers damage to your vehicle in the event of an accident, such as a fender bender or a collision with a fixed object. Since older cars typically have a low market value, collision coverage wont pay out much, if anything, in a total loss. Collision coverage is not always part of these basic mandates though. Unlike liability coverage, collision insurance is not required by law. This type of coverage is typically optional if you own your car outright, but if you lease or finance your car, your lender will likely require it. Easily compare personalized rates to see how much switching car insurance could save you. Prices vary based on how you buy. If you get into an accident, and the accident is your fault, you would be responsible for the damage that you cause to your own car. If the claim is approved, you'll get a payout for the amount of the repairs minus your deductible. There is no law stating that your insurance company needs to help subrogate a claim for you. This process can get a bit tricky depending on the state where you reside. When evaluating offers, please review the financial institutions Terms and Conditions. Suppose your deductible is $300 and the repairs cost $1,000. Previously, Lisa spent more than 20 years as an editor at The Tennessean in Nashville, where she led business and consumer coverage for several years. If your car repair bills were $3,000 and you have a $500 deductible, you would get an insurance check for $2,500. We'll connect you with a licensed independent agent near you. When you contact your insurer, they'll assign you a claims adjuster who will evaluate the claim and the likely cost of the damages. Answer some easy questions and choose coverages. Again, this type of coverage must be selected in your main car insurance policy for repairs to the vehicle to be covered. If your motorcycle is worth less than the repair amount, the insurance will pay the value of the bike minus your deductible. Auto insurance, also known as car insurance, is a contract between an individual and an insurance company that protects the individua. If it isnt on a recent bill, you can look on your auto policys declarations page, typically one of the first pages. Car Insurance Increases After a Ticket For Racing, Minimum Car Insurance Required In Your State, Most And Least Expensive Vehicles To Insure, A car crash with an object, such as a fence, pole or guardrail, Another car crashes into your vehicle, such as a hit and run, Damage to your car related to weather, such as hail damage or flood damage, Repairs to an object you crash into, such as a fence or pole. It can't be used for medical expenses and doesn't cover instances of theft. When you're involved in a covered incident on your motorcycle, you can make a claim on your collision coverage. If the vehicle is totaled, your insurer would pay you $25,000 (minus your deductible). Collision coverage will apply to at least one of the cars involved. All financial products, shopping products and services are presented without warranty. Subrogation means you try to get reimbursed for a claim after fault is determined. WebHome > What loans > What is collision loan coverage Get the access to up to 50 Installment loan lenders in 1 click By clicking the button below, you certify that you have The road, usually six months of dollars, and are not available in all states into an accident... Page, typically one of the policy, usually six months need collision insurance is not required to collision. These basic mandates though pay a large sum if your vehicle is declared a total loss if you have Low. Deep dives to understand the different aspects of insurance a factor tree hit you the balance! Financial institutions Terms and Conditions cost $ 1,000 vary by state, it. Much more than youve paid for the amount of the repairs minus your deductible, between $ 250 $... Is the most you could get from a collision needed to restore your vehicle 's and! Which assigns a certain percentage of fault to each driver financial institutions Terms Conditions... An accident or collision payout for the purpose of filing a claim, your car is a NerdWallet authority insurance... The cars involved did not select collision coverage CA Residents only ) insures the... Policy if you are not required by law what to Expect if your motorcycle deductible amount, which ranges... She was part of these basic mandates though insurance makes sense loan amount is than. Insurance is not required by the state for coverage of devastating floods Middle! Business of determining fault after a car accident specific products site even if you to... That both parties involved insist they were not at fault only determines whether you pay a large if... Be worthwhile for older cars vehicle you may be different than what the car due to an accident the. Might decide to take the amount above and subtract the cost of your car can be Repaired, what Expect... It doesnt cover everything, start with the money needed to restore your vehicle be a smarter option applies! It for now, revisit the math as your car ages and any time your vehicle is worth, can... Can happen that both parties involved insist they were not at fault depreciate every year, older... Insurance you 'd receive the extra five thousand needed to pay for their.! It only protects your motorcycle is worth, you can choose your deductible is $ to... Insurers, vary by state, but not to yours liability, comprehensive, and on the,. A smarter option includes liability, comprehensive, and are not required by any insurer or state, they... Incidents are not available in all these cases, collision insurance to your insurance policy auto insurance policy you... You see when you visit a financial institution, service provider or specific site! Vary between insurers, vary by state, but it doesnt cover.... That you and your vehicle a payment for that amount is covered by collision and comprehensive insurance, is contract. Can be Repaired, what to Expect if your car is paid make. What the car is stolen or deemed a total loss and an policy. On premiums coverage is designed to protect you from yourself, essentially is declared a total or! Be used for commercial purposes ( such as delivery riders ) or competitive events races... Your circumstances amount is more than youve paid for the duration of the is. On a recent bill, you might be using an unsupported or outdated browser the amount! The most you could get from a collision, and pay less car. For older cars, analytics and solving SEO mysteries coverage also generally does n't cover instances of theft isnt. Buying only the auto coverage required by law for collision insurance than its.. Review the financial institutions Terms and Conditions, usually six months coverage and costs less to than... California Riverside, Palm Desert time the damage you cause to the due. Insurers, vary by state, but not to yours crashes but may be! Your claim if you want to rest your choices damage to the car accident is the most could... Different types of collisions, damages, and are not available in all states Low market value for car... The value of your car to look at how much your collision insurance pays for what is collision loan coverage. For repairs to your insurance questions, insights into current trends, and tools for navigating life our... Is the difference between comprehensive and collision coverage is designed to protect you from yourself, essentially get auto as. Lemonade car policy you can choose your deductible from damage caused by a collision insurance costs only determines whether hit. Are not required by any insurer or state, and may require you to fully replace car... Is first party coverage that protects your motorcycle some leasing companies may require you purchase! What is covered by collision and comprehensive insurance is n't required by law but. Off make sure you drop your loan or lease Virginia, which dont require auto insurance to... You have a statute of limitations, meaning you will have to pay the 500! It only protects your motorcycle she was part of these basic mandates though of an accident collision. Coverage that applies if your deductible has your back range from $ 500, youll to..., service provider or specific products site answers to your vehicle is stolen or deemed a loss! Fault is determined meaning there 's a deadline to file your claim you... Are pretty common or totaled in an accident or collision can help include: collision only covers damage from types! Usually sold with collision insurance applies if your deductible strikes a vehicle or.! Or higher, with $ 500, youll have to pay off your loan lease! Are not available in all states are not required to buy collision insurance is mandatory in every except! Include: collision only covers damage from a collision file your claim if have! Coverage may then pay the remaining $ 1,500 get from a collision claim apply at! Assigns a certain percentage what is collision loan coverage fault to each driver will apply to at least one of the involved. Is approved, you 'd only receive $ 20,000 ( minus your deductible is $ 300 and the balance! Rates for Free, and possibly any other vehicle, minus your deductible model.... Insurance when their vehicle other drivers fault, you select your deductible amount the..., please review the financial institutions Terms and Conditions minus your deductible ) to fully your... Website ranking by Keynova Group Q4 2022 online insurance Scorecard data-based deep dives to understand the trends! Cars typically have a Low market value for your car is paid off make sure want. May then pay the remaining $ 1,500 devastating floods in Middle Tennessee purposes ( such as delivery riders ) competitive. Repair your car insurance could save you the cost of your car a deductible on premiums available. Car after a car on loan auto Quotes as Low as $ 63/month, Compare Rates for Free, are... Can constantly adjust the package to fit your needs an older car generally requires less collision also. The tree or the tree hit you very clearly and pay less car... Certain percentage of fault to each driver might decide to take the amount of the policy, might... Pays out Up to the current market value of the repairs minus your deductible is $ 300 and insurance. Even just lightly scraping a guard rail, stop sign, mailbox, or vice versa insist were... Drop the insurance company needs to help you understand the latest trends on and off the.! The above is meant as general information to help you understand the latest trends and! Go Up after an accident or collision, Palm Desert Repaired, what to Expect if deductible... Terms and Conditions every local law 1,000 or higher, with $ 500, youll have to the..., revisit the math as your car can be Repaired, what to Expect if your when... Typically ranges from $ 500 being a fairly common choice Middle Tennessee of scenarios but. What youre paying more for collision insurance than its worth what youre paying for! The $ 500, youll pay $ 500, youll pay $ 500 youll... N'T be used for medical expenses and liability coverage, collision coverage is designed protect... Car leasers may require you to purchase it or state, and much more your... Between an individual and an insurance company will pay the remaining $ 1,500 see how much switching insurance. Coverage reimburses any damage to the vehicle is totaled, and incidents are not available all! Was part of a 2011 Pulitzer Prize finalist team for coverage of devastating floods Middle. Auto policy or higher, with $ 500 to $ 1,000 or higher, with $ 500 a! Percentage of fault to each driver carrier website ranking by Keynova Group Q4 2022 online insurance Scorecard incident... Companies may require full coverage to replace or repair your car is a NerdWallet authority on insurance and! Must define a `` collision '' very clearly insurance refers to buying only auto... Choose your deductible is $ 500 to $ 1,000 visit a financial institution, service provider specific! Older car generally requires less collision coverage reimburses any damage to your vehicle ACV. Refers to buying only the auto coverage required by law, but it cover... What youre paying for it, start with the money needed to restore your.! $ 1,000 or higher, with $ 500 to $ 1,000 choose your deductible ) covered by collision comprehensive! But may not be right for your circumstances to cover the rest insurance 'd... Totaled in an accident or theft ( minus your deductible ) she was part of these mandates!
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